Bute straddles the divide between highland and lowland Scotland with the Highland Boundary Fault cutting NNE-SSW through the island between Rothesay Bay and Scalpsie Bay. To the north of this line are metamorphosed sandstones and mudstones (i.e. psammites and pelites) which constitute the Southern Highland Group of the Dalradian. To its south are the conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones and siltstones of the Devonian age Stratheden Group (a division of the Old Red Sandstone) and of the Carboniferous age Inverclyde Group. Associated with the latter are Carboniferous extrusive igneous rocks, mainly lavas and tuffs of the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation. These occur north of Ascog, northeast of Scalpsie and south of Kilchattan Bay.
The metamorphic rocks of the Dalradian sequence is divided locally into a couple of groups, themselves subdivided into formations, each of which contains ‘members’. The youngest strata are at the top of the list:
Trossachs Group
Ardscalpsie Formation
Quien Hill Grit Member
Loch Dhu Slate Member (includes ‘Rothesay Limestone’)
Southern Highlands Group
St Ninian Formation
Toward Quay Grit Member
Bullrock Greywacke Member
Dunoon Phyllite Formation
The Palaeozoic sedimentary and extrusive igneous sequence in stratigraphic order (i.e. youngest at top) is as follows. All are of Carboniferous age except the Bute Conglomerate, which is late Devonian and separated from the overlying Kinnesswood sandstones and mudstones by an unconformity.
Strathclyde Group
Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation
Birgidale Mudstone Formation
Inverclyde Group
Clyde Sandstone Formation
Ballagan Formation
Kinnesswood Formation
Stratheden Group
Bute Conglomerate Formation
A couple of thin coal seams are recorded within the volcanic sequence inland of Asco
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